CHAPTER 3: OCCUPATIONS

3.1 MEANING OF OCCUPATION

An occupation is an activity, profession, or legal job engaged in by individuals for the purpose of earning a living.

Occupations are grouped into three major categories:

1. Industrial occupation
2. Commercial occupation
3. Service occupation

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3.2 INDUSTRIAL OCCUPATION

These are activities concerned with obtaining raw materials and converting them into finished goods.

Industrial occupations are grouped into three:

a. Extractive Occupation

This involves activities related to extracting natural resources from the soil, water, or sea.
They produce raw materials needed by the manufacturing sector.

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Examples:

• Miners
• Fishermen
• Farmers

b. Manufacturing Occupation

These involve transforming raw materials from the extractive sector into finished goods.

Examples:

• Textile production
• Food processing
• Electrical engineering
• Shoe making
• Book production

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c. Constructive Occupation

These involve assembling or converting manufactured products into usable forms.

Examples:

• Road construction
• Building construction
• Bridge construction

3.3 COMMERCIAL OCCUPATION

Commercial occupations deal with the marketing and distribution of goods.
They include all activities connected with trade and aids to trade.

Commercial occupation includes:

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a. Trading

Buying and selling of goods and services.

Forms of trading:

• Wholesaling
• Retailing
• Importing
• Exporting

b. Advertising

Creating awareness about products to stimulate demand.

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Occupations in advertising:

• Advertising agency staff
• Graphic artists
• Advert directors

c. Communication

Facilitating the sending and receiving of information.

Examples of occupations:

• Telephone operators
• Courier service providers
• Postmasters

d. Banking

Accepting deposits and providing financial services, including loans.

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Examples of occupations:

• Bank manager
• Teller
• Cashier
• Loan manager

e. Transportation

Movement of goods and people from one place to another.

Examples of occupations:

• Pilots
• Drivers
• Conductors
• Sailors
• Flight engineers

f. Insurance

The insurer agrees to compensate (indemnify) the insured in case of loss.

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Occupations include:

• Insurance brokers
• Underwriters
• Agents
• Risk managers

g. Warehousing

Storage of goods until they are needed, ensuring steady supply.

Occupations in warehousing:

• Warehouse clerks
• Managers
• Night guards

h. Tourism

Providing services to tourists who travel for leisure or business.

Examples of occupations:

• Tour guides
• Park keepers
• Maintenance officers

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3.4 SERVICE OCCUPATION

These occupations involve providing direct or indirect services to people.

Types Of Services

1. Direct Services

Personal services paid for directly by the individuals who use them.

Examples:

• Barbers
• Dentists
• Gardeners
• Stewards
• Taxi drivers
• Private doctors

2. Indirect Services

Services provided for the public but paid for by the government.

Examples:

• Teachers
• Police officers
• Government doctors
• Public lawyers

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Factors That Determine the Type of Occupation People Engage In

1. Availability of natural resources
2. Conditions of service
3. Climate and weather
4. Interest of the individual
5. Level of education and training
6. Risk involved in the occupation