INTER-PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS – NATIONAL ETHICS, DISCIPLINE, RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS – CIVIC JAMB & WAEC GUIDE KEYPOINTS

April 3, 2026 Be first to comment Daniel DTW Tutor

CHAPTER 7 – INTER – PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

7.1 MEANING

An interpersonal relationship refers to a social association or affiliation between two or more people. It involves interaction, communication, and emotional connection among individuals in society.

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7.2 IMPORTANCE OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

The essence of interpersonal relationship and the tools for building it include the following:

  1. Common Goals
    Sharing common interests, views, and objectives helps strengthen relationships.
  2. Respect or Regard
    Mutual respect and appreciation are essential for healthy interpersonal relationships.
  3. Interdependence
    People rely on one another for support, cooperation, and growth.
  4. Transparency
    Honesty, sincerity, and truthfulness help build trust in relationships.

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7.3 TYPES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

  1. Platonic Relationship
    A non-romantic relationship between people of the same or different genders without intentions of intimacy or marriage.
  2. Relationship Between Male and Female (Opposite Gender)
    A relationship between an unmarried man and woman, which may lead to marriage and the formation of a family.
  3. Relationship Between Man and God
    The spiritual relationship between the Creator and His creatures.
  4. Family Relationship
    The relationship that exists among members of the same family, based on biological ties.
  5. Relationship Between Man and Man / Woman and Woman
    Friendship between people of the same gender who share common interests such as social, cultural, religious, or economic interests.
  6. Peer Relationship
    Friendship among people of the same age group, classmates, club members, sports teams, or political and social groups.
  7. Relationship Between the Individual and Government
    The relationship that exists between citizens and their government.

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7.4 STAGES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

According to psychologist George Levinger, interpersonal relationships pass through five stages:

  1. Acquaintance Stage
    This is the stage where two people first meet in places such as schools, churches, or clubs.
  2. Building-up Stage
    At this stage, the relationship grows beyond mere acquaintance. Trust, confidence, and emotional connection begin to develop.
  3. Continuation Stage
    This is the deepest stage of the relationship, characterized by closeness, joy, affection, and commitment.
  4. Deterioration Stage
    At this stage, the relationship begins to weaken due to conflicts, misunderstandings, or lack of communication.
  5. Termination Stage
    This is the stage where the relationship ends due to separation, divorce, or death.

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7.5 BASIC SKILLS THAT PROMOTE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

The following skills help build and sustain lasting interpersonal relationships:

  1. Tolerance
    Ability to accept differences and endure one another.
  2. Kindness and Charity
    Being supportive and helpful to one another in times of need.
  3. Patience
    Enduring challenges and difficulties without hostility.
  4. Honesty
    Truthfulness and sincerity promote trust and stability.
  5. Respect and Cheerfulness
    Showing appreciation and maintaining a positive attitude toward one another.
  6. Forgiveness
    Willingness to forgive mistakes and avoid holding grudges.
  7. Appreciation and Contentment
    Valuing each other and being satisfied with what one has.

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7.6 OBSTACLES TO INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

The following factors can hinder interpersonal relationships:

  1. Deceit
    Dishonesty destroys trust and weakens relationships.
  2. Sadness and Lack of Cheerfulness
    Constant negativity affects emotional bonding.
  3. Malice and Unforgiving Spirit
    Holding grudges and hatred can destroy relationships.
  4. Poor Communication
    Lack of effective communication leads to misunderstanding.
  5. Incompatibility
    Differences in character and values can strain relationships if not managed properly.

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7.7 INTER-COMMUNAL RELATIONSHIP

Inter-communal relationship refers to the relationship that exists between two or more communities. One of the objectives of good governance is to bring government closer to the people and encourage cooperation among communities. Positive inter-communal relationships promote peace, unity, and development.

7.8 IMPORTANCE OF INTER-COMMUNAL RELATIONSHIP

  1. Promotion of Peace and Unity
    Encourages peaceful coexistence and unity among communities.
  2. Enhancement of Security
    Reduces crime, violence, and insecurity while protecting lives and property.
  3. Enhancement of Business and Trade
    Promotes economic activities and attracts traders and investors.
  4. Promotion of Political Development
    Encourages political participation and development among communities.
  5. Promotion of Inter-communal / Inter-tribal Marriage
    Encourages marriage across communities, strengthening unity and social integration.

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7.9 SKILLS FOR RESOLVING INTER-COMMUNAL CONFLICTS

  1. Law Courts
    Communities can seek legal solutions through the judiciary.
  2. Community Leaders
    Traditional rulers such as Obas, Emirs, Obis, and Chiefs can help resolve conflicts.
  3. Dialogue
    Open discussions between communities to resolve disputes peacefully.
  4. Mediation
    Government or neutral bodies can mediate between conflicting communities.
  5. Peacekeeping Forces
    Security agencies such as the army, police, and other forces may be deployed to restore peace and protect lives and property.

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