CHAPTER 1 – VALUES

1.1 MEANING OF VALUES

Values are deeply held beliefs, principles and standards that guide our behaviour and shape how we relate with people in society. They represent what we consider important, worthwhile, and desirable. Values help us judge what is right or wrong, good or bad, acceptable or unacceptable.

In Civic Education, values are not just abstract concepts; they are behaviours and attitudes that promote the well-being of individuals and the society. For example, honesty helps build trust, while respect promotes peaceful coexistence.

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1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF VALUES

• They are learned: People develop values from family, school, religion and society.
• They influence behaviour: Values determine how we act in public and private life.
• They can change: Values can improve or deteriorate based on experiences.
• They differ among individuals: What one person considers important may differ from another.

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1.3 TYPES OF VALUES

• Moral Values

These are values that guide a person to behave in a morally acceptable manner.

Examples include honesty, integrity, truthfulness, chastity, prudence, and self-control.

• Social Values

These are values that ensure peaceful and harmonious living among members of society.

Examples are tolerance, cooperation, patience, loyalty and kindness.

• Cultural Values

These reflect the beliefs, customs, traditions and practices of a society.

Examples: respect for elders, marriage customs, dressing norms, traditional greetings.

• Religious Values

These are values taught by religious institutions.

Examples include obedience to God, forgiveness, love, charity, and humility.

• Economic Values

These are values that help individuals manage resources effectively.

Examples: hard work, contentment, entrepreneurship, diligence, and saving culture.

• Political Values

These relate to good governance and civic responsibilities.

Examples: patriotism, political participation, national loyalty, respect for national symbols.

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1.4 IMPORTANCE OF VALUES IN SOCIETY

• Promote peaceful coexistence
• Help build trust among citizens
• Encourage development and accountability
• Shape good citizenship behavior
• Guide government officials to behave ethically
• Reduce corruption and social vices

1.5 FACTORS INFLUENCING VALUES

• Family background
• Peer group
• Religion
• School
• Mass media
• Environment and culture

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1.6 HOW TO PROMOTE GOOD VALUES

• Teaching values in homes and schools
• Government policies that reward hard work and honesty
• Community enlightenment
• Avoiding bad role models
• Enforcing laws to discourage negative values

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