5.1 PARABLE OF THE KINGDOM
THE PARABLE OF THE SOWER (MATTHEW 13:1-23; MARK 4:1 – 20)
According to Matthew, a sower went out to sow. As he sowed, some of the seeds fell along the path and the birds came and devoured them. Some of the seeds also fell on rocky ground, and died off immediately they sprang up, because they fell on a rocky ground where the roots could not penetrate into the soil and thus could not withstand the heat of the sun. Other seeds fell among thorns and the thorns grew up and choked them. Some seeds still fell on good soil and grew to bring forth grain, some a hundredfold, some sixty and some thirty.
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INTERPRETATION OF THE PARABLE
Jesus explained the parable referring to the sower to be Jesus himself while the seed is the word of God. The soil, therefore, is the people. Jesus explained that, whenever anyone hears the word of the kingdom and does not understand it, the evil one comes and snatches away what is sown in his heart. In the parable, these were the seeds sown along the path when the ones sown on rocky ground refer to people who receive the word immediately with joy yeti has no root in them, but endures for a while and when tribulation or persecution arises on account of the word, immediately the individuals involved fall away.
The seeds sown among thorns refer to the people who hear the word, but the cares of the world and the delight in riches choke the word to render it unfruitful. The seeds sown on good soil refer to those who hear the word and understand it. Such people want to be instructed in the word and to fulfill whatever is required of them. They apply the word to their lives and are, therefore, able to bring forth the fruit of righteousness.
LESSONS TO LEARN FROM THE PARABLE
- The parable of the sower shows the various ways people respond to the word of God they hear.
- The way people respond determines the type of reward they get from God on the last day.
- Negative response leads to damnation and loss of eternal life, but positive response leads to eternal life.
- Those who are zealous about the word benefit from it more than others.
THE PARABLE OF THE MUSTARD SEED (MATTHEW 13:31 – 32; MARK 4:30-32; LUKE 13:18-19)
The parable of the mustard seed is recorded by the three synoptic gospel writers. Jesus compared the kingdom of God with a grain of mustard seed which a man sowed in his field. The mustard seed is the smallest of all seeds but when it grows, it becomes the greatest of shrubs where birds of the air use its branches as their nest.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PARABLE OF THE MUSTARD SEED
- The word of God which represents the role of God in our lives has a small beginning but great result.
- The word of God we receive in our lives starts in a small way, but gradually grows with time to influence the personality of the person thus making the Sinner submit totally to God. Once the person submits totally, his life will start to influence others in a good way.
THE PARABLE OF THE WHEAT AND THE TARES (MATTHEW 13:24-30, 36-43)
The parable of the wheat and the tares is recorded only in the book of Matthew. In this parable, Jesus compared the kingdom of God with a man who sowed good seeds in his field, but while he was sleeping, the enemy went and sowed weeds among the wheat and went away. As the plants grew up, the weeds appeared also. The servants inquired from the master why weeds should also be found in the farm where he had sown only wheat, he told them that it was the enemy who did it. They requested him to allow them to go and remove the weeds, but the master refused, reasoning that in the attempt to remove the weeds, they might uproot the wheat also. They should, therefore, leave both to grow together till the time of harvest during which he would instruct the reapers to gather the weeds for burning and the wheat into the barn.
Interpretation of the Parable
Jesus interpreted the parable to mean that the sower of the good seed is the son of man (Jesus), the field is the world, the good seeds are the sons of the kingdom while the weeds are the evil ones. The enemy who sowed the weeds is the devil, the harvest is the end of the age and the reapers are the angels.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PARABLE OF THE WHEAT AND THE TARES
- In various churches today, there are good and bad Christians fellowshipping together.
- Men are not scripturally permitted to judge, but many people today are like the servants in this parable; they want to rush to judgment.
- Men often hurt innocent people by hurriedly judging them.
- Men should allow God to judge people and apportion punishment because it is only God who is in the best position to judge people rightly.
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THE PARABLE OF THE SEED GROWING SECRETLY (MARK 4:26-29)
The parable of the seed growing secretly is recorded only in the book of Mark. Jesus compared the kingdom of God to a man who scatters seeds on the ground and goes home to sleep every night. The seeds sprout and grow, but he does not know how they grow. As the plant grows, it produces the blade, then the ear and finally the full grain in the ear. When the grain is ripe, the farmer puts in his sickle because it is time for harvest.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PARABLE
This means that the growth of the kingdom of God in a Christian’s life is secret and quiet and when it grows fully, the individual submits to God completely and his life is controlled by the Holy Spirit.
5.2 PARABLES ILLUSTRATING GOD’S LOVE
THE LOST SHEEP (LUKE 15;3-7; MATTHEW 18:12-24)
In the parable of the lost sheep, Jesus likened the kingdom of God to a man who has one hundred sheep but if one goes astray, he would leave the rest of the ninety-nine in the wilderness and search for the one that is lost.
When he finds it, he lays it on his shoulders rejoicing. When he comes home, the man calls his trends and his neighbors to rejoice with him for he has found his lost sheep. Jesus said in the same way, there will be joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous persons who need no repentance.
THE LOST COIN (LUKE 15:8-10)
In the parable of the lost coin, Christ spoke of a woman who has ten silver coins but if she loses one of the coins, she would light a lamp, sweep the house and seek the coin diligently until she finds it. When she finds it, she would tell her neighbors and friends to rejoice with her for having found her coin. In the same way, there is joy in heaven before the angels of God over one sinner who repents of his/her sins.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PARABLES OF THE LOST COIN AND THE LOST SHEEP
- In the parable of the lost sheep and the coin, a sinner is seen as a lost soul.
- These two parables show how interested God is to ensure that the lost soul is saved.
- God loves us and does not want our soul to perish.
- We should reciprocate God’s love by accepting Jesus Christ as our personal Lord and Saviour. Thereafter, we should reach out to the lost souls (the sinners) and win them for God as our efforts would be highly rewarded by God.
THE PRODIGAL SON (LUKE 15:11-32)
Jesus told a parable of a man who had two sons and the younger of them said to his father, “Father; give me the share of property that falls to me.” The father divided his belongings between them. After some days, the younger one gathered all he had and went to a far country where he squandered his wealth in loose living. After he had spent everything, a great famine arose in that country and he was in great need. So, he offered himself to feed swine for a citizen of that country, so that he could feed on the pods that the swine ate in return for his service. At a stage, he realized who he was and said to himself. “How many of my father’s hired servants have bread enough and to spare, but perish here with hunger! I will arise and go to my father, and I will say to him, Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you; lam no longer worthy to be called your son, treat me as one of your hired servants. ” (Luke 15:17-19)
He arose and went back to his father. While he was still at a distance, his father saw him and had compassion on him. He ran to meet, embrace and kiss him. He pleaded with his father and the father had compassion on him and commanded his servants to dress him up with the best robe, a ring and shoes. He also asked them to bring a tatted calf to celebrate his son who “was dead and is alive again, he was lost, and is found.
As the elder brother who was returning from the field came nearer the house, he noticed what was going on and was annoyed. He refused to go in and join in the merriment (celebration). When the father came, the son complained bitterly that he had been faithful to him, but he had never considered it necessary to organize any party for him. The father comforted him and asked him to join in welcoming his brother, for his brother who was dead before had come back to life.
LESSONS TO LEARN
- The important point to note in this case is that the father had compassion on the son and welcomed him back with happiness, despite the loose life he had lived and the father’s wealth he had wasted. In the same manner, God is always ready to welcome His children once they confess their sins and forsake them.
- The prodigal son’s decision to return as a servant and not as a son shows a high sense of humility on his part.
- Again, another lesson from the parable is that God’s love is for both the righteous and the sinner provided the sinner is ready to forsake his sin and come back to God.
- Self-righteousness does not Justify condemnation of Sinners.
- The elder brother’s attitude shows:
- Envy
- Pride
- Lack of respect
- Lack of love for the younger brother or unforgiveness
- Selfishness.
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5.3 PARABLES ILLUSTRATING CONCERN FOR ONE ANOTHER (Luke 10:25-37; 16:19-31)
THE PARABLE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN (LK 10:25-37)
In the parable of the good Samaritan, Jesus said a man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho and fell into the hands of robbers who attacked him and made away with his belongings, leaving him half-dead. By chance, a priest who was going down that road saw him and passed through the other side. A Levite also came to the place and saw him. He, too, passed through the other side. But, when a Samaritan who was also traveling through the road saw him, he had compassion on him. He went to his aid, dressed up his wounds, administered first aid treatment and took him to an inn where he took care of him. he next day, he deposited two denarii with the innkeeper, requesting him to take care of the man with a promise to pay all the charges when he comes back.
Significance of the Parable of the Good Samaritan
By the parable of the good Samaritan, Jesus brought into view a wider dimension of the meaning of neighbor. Before this time, Jews took their neighbor to mean any person next to them or their fellow Jew, by this parable, Jesus showed that Christians should always show love to the needy, irrespective of tribe or sect. This man who was going from Jerusalem to Jericho might likely be a Jew, but his fellow Jews – a priest and a Levite who preached in the synagogue did not help him. A Samaritan whom the Jews viewed as a sinner was the person who offered a helping hand. By this, Jesus taught Christians that if they are to walk according to the will of God, they must show love to all who are in need without discrimination.
LAZARUS AND THE RICH MAN (LUKE 16:19-31)
Jesus also told a parable of a rich man who was clothed in purple and fine linen and who feasted sumptuously every day. At the gate of this rich man laid a poor man named Lazarus. He was full of sores and desired to be fed with what fell from the rich man’s table. While waiting at the rich man’s gate, dogs would come and lick his sores. The poor man died and was carried by the angels to Abraham’s bosom. The rich man also died, but was taken to hell where he remained in perpetual torment. When he lifted up his eyes, he saw Abraham and Lazarus afar off and called out:
“Father Abraham, have mercy upon me, and send Lazarus to dip the end of his finger in water and cool my tongue; for I am in anguish in this flame.
Abraham answered him saying.
“Son, remember that you in your lifetime received your good things, and Lazarus in like manner evil things; but now he is comforted here, and you are in anguish.
And besides all this, between us and you a great chasm has been fixed, in order that those who would pass from here to you may not be able, and none may cross from there to us. ” (Luke 16:24 – 26)
The rich man pleaded with Abraham to send somebody to his brothers, so that they would repent and would not join him in suffering. Abraham replied that, “hey have Moses and the prophets; let them listen to them”. The rich man argued that if someone should go to them from the dead, they would believe and repent, but Abraham insisted: “If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets, neither will they be convinced if someone should from the dead: (Luke 16: 31).
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