17.0 POPULATION
Population is defined as the total number of people live together in the same place at a particular time.
TYPES OF POPULATION
- Overpopulation: It Occurs when the number of people exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment, leading to resource depletion.
- Under-Population: It Occurs when a region has fewer people than it can sustain, leading to labor shortages and economic decline.
- Optimum Population: It is the ideal population size that maximizes the economic welfare of a society without depleting resources.
17.1 POPULATION CENSUS
Population census is defined as the head count of the people living in a particular area.
TYPES OF POPULATION CENSUS
- De Facto Population Census: It involves the counting of people who are present physically during the census.
- De Jure Population Census: It involves the counting of people who have been permanent residents of a specific area, it is also called counting by proxy.
17.2 STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION
- Population Structure: Refers to the composition of a population, typically analyzed by age, sex, and other demographic factors.
- Age Structure: Affects economic productivity and social services. A youthful population may require more education, while an aging population may need more healthcare.
- Sex Ratio: The ratio of males to females can influence social dynamics and labor markets.
- Population Distribution: Refers to how people are spread across a given area.
- Population Density: It is defined as the number of persons per square kilometre of land. It is calculated as:
Population density = Total population / Land area
17.3 POPULATION POLICY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
MALTHUSIAN THEORY OF POPULATION: Proposed by Thomas Malthus, this theory posits that population grows geometrically while food supply grows arithmetically. This imbalance leads to inevitable checks on population growth, such as famine, disease, and war.
OPTIMUM THEORY OF POPULATION: This theory suggests that there is an ideal population size that maximizes the economic welfare of a society. It considers factors like resources, technology, and the environment.

IMMIGRATION: Immigration is the act of entering and settling in a country or region that is not one’s native country.
EMIGRATION: Emigration refers to the act of leaving one’s resident country or region to settle in another country or region.
NET MIGRATION: it is defined as the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants.
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– Physics Notes and Questions on All topics; https://dtwtutorials.com/category/tutorials/physics-tutorials/
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– How to Read, Understand and Remember Always- https://youtu.be/kL8BpRePudA
– How to Cover Your JAMB Syllabus Fast in 30 Days!!; https://youtu.be/RVgyn01Ptd0
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– Overcoming Exam Fear/Anxiety– https://youtu.be/Uvf81rvd0ls
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