PARTY SYSTEM
Party System may be defined as the conduct of government based on the number of political parties within the system.
TYPES OF PARTY SYSTEM
11.1 ONE PARTY OR SINGLE PARTY SYSTEM – It is defined as one in which only one legal and legitimate political party is constitutionally recognized in the country
TYPES OF ONE-PARTY SYSTEM
- TRUE SINGLE PARTY SYSTEM – The law effectively prevents the formation of any other active parties
- HEGEMONIC PARTY – One party is firmly established in office. The party has hegemony, that is, it enjoys unchallenged authority
- PREDOMINANT PARTY – This is a party which is elected and continues to be elected because the electorate so desire
CHARACTERISTICS OF A ONE-PARTY SYSTEM
- One officially recognized party
- Recognized by the constitution
- No private control of the mass media
- One ideology
- Enforcement of government policies
- Opposition party is not legally recognized
MERITS OF ONE-PARTY SYSTEM
- Prevention of economic waste
- It makes use of the best
- Promotion of unity
- Stability of government
- Makes for quick decision
- Electoral malpractice is completely minimized
- There’s no room of unhealthy rivalry
- it makes for strong leadership
DEMERITS OF ONE-PARTY SYSTEM
- Individual rights are not accommodated
- The government controls all mass media
- It may produce dictatorship
- It is basically undemocratic
- Change of government is not provided for in the constitution
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11.2 TWO PARTY SYSTEM – A two party system may be defined as the existence of only two major political parties in a political system. These two parties are constitutionally recognised to contest elections
FEATURES OF TWO PARTY SYSTEM
- There are only two major political party
- An opposition party is constitutionally recognized
- It accommodates democratic principle
- It allows for press freedom
- Change of government is possible
- The opposition party is seen as a corrective party in government
MERITS OF TWO-PARTY SYSTEM
- There’s room for choice.
- There’s provision of strong opposition
- It makes for good governance
- It ensures stability
- It is democratic
- Change of government is possible
- It promotes popular government
DEMERITS OF TWO-PARTY SYSTEM
- Division of the country into two faction
- It does not promote unity
- It may lead to one party state
- Electoral malpractices is possible
- Unhealthy party rivalry
- Waste of the nation’s resources
- Irresponsible opposition
- Victimization
11.3 MULTY PARTY SYSTEM – This is defined as a system with more than two political parties contesting for political power in a country. All the parties are duly registered and recognized by the law
FEATURES OF MULTI PARTY SYSTEM
- Existence of many parties
- All parties are recognized and registered under the law
- Individuals can easily make choices
- Political education is encouraged
- Wider representation of the people’s interest
- Rise to coalition government
- Absence of dictatorship
- Elections are conducted periodically
- Protection of human rights
- Respect for the rule of law
MERITS OF MULTI PARTY SYSTEM
- It is democratic
- There’s wider political participation
- There’s wider representation of the people’s interest
- It encourages better party organization
- There’s room for change of government
- The rights of the citizens are entrenched into the constitution
- There’s adherent to the rule of law
- Political accountability and transparency
- The interest of the minority is widely addressed
- It reflects genuinely the political differences that exist in a given sate
DEMERITS OF MULTI PARTY SYSTEM
- Too many political programs
- Difficult to hold a particular party responsible
- Ethnic and sectional based political parties
- It makes the formation of a new government very difficult
- It is a very expensive party system
- Political instability
- It weakens the executive
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11.4 ZERO PARTY SYSTEM – It has to do with a standard where political leaders are elected by the people on an individual basis, there’s no political part.
MERITS OF ZERO PARTY SYSTEM
- Proper management of time
- Electoral malpractices are reduced to the barest minimum
- It is simple to operate
- It is not expensive but reduced cost
- The electorate will find it easy to declare for candidates of their choice
- Decision making is quick and purposeful
- Conservation of resources
DEMERITS OF ZERO PARTY SYSTEM
- Irresponsible political leaders
- The conduct of election could be poorly organized
- Absence of party manifesto
- Political instability
- Absence of political and citizenship education
11.5 PARTY MANIFESTO
It is defined as the cardinal plans or programs of a political party which the party intends to fulfill to the electorate if it is elected into power, that is their aims and objectives
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