12.0 INTRODUCTION
Gas laws describe the behavior of gases in terms of pressure, volume, temperature, and the amount of gas (usually in moles). These laws help us understand and predict how gases will respond to changes in their environment.
- TYPES OF GAS LAWS
BOYLE’S LAW: Boyle’s Law states that the pressure of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume when the temperature is held constant.
Mathematically, Boyle’s law is given as:
P1V1 = P2V2
Where P is pressure and V is volume.
BOYLE’S LAW GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION – The graph of Boyle’s Law is a hyperbola when plotting pressure (P) against volume (V).
CHARLES’ LAW – Charles’ Law states that the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when the pressure is held constant (isobaric conditions).
Mathematically, Charles’ law is given as:
V1 / T1 = V2 / T2
Where V is volume and T is temperature in Kelvin.
CHARLES LAW GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION – The graph of Charles’s Law is a straight line when plotting volume (V) against temperature (T).
PRESSURE LAW: The Pressure Law states that the pressure of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when the volume is held constant.
Mathematically, pressure law is given as:
P1 /T1 = P2 / T2
Where P is pressure and T is temperature in Kelvin.
PRESSURE LAW GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION: The graph of the Pressure Law is a straight line when plotting pressure (P) against temperature (T).
ABSOLUTE ZERO OF TEMPERATURE: Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which a substance has minimal thermal energy, and it is defined as 0 Kelvin (K), which is equivalent to – 273°C.
- Absolute Zero of Temperature Significance: At absolute zero, the motion of particles is minimal, and it is the lowest limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale.
GENERAL GAS LAW EQUATION – The general gas equation states that for a given amount of gas, the product of pressure (P) and volume (V) is constant when temperature (T) is constant.
Mathematically, general gas law is given as:
( P1V1 ) / T1 = ( P2V2 ) / T2
IDEAL GAS EQUATION: The ideal gas equation relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of an ideal gas.
Mathematically, Boyle’s law is given as:
PV = nRT
Where n is the number of moles,
R is the ideal gas constant (approximately 8.314 J/(mol·K)).
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