8.1 RULE OF LAW

Rule of Law is the supremacy of Law over everybody in a political system

PRINCIPLES OF THE RULE OF LAW

1. Principle of Equality which states that laws should apply equally to all citizens of a country, irrespective of their economic or political status.
2. Principle of Impartiality which states that law should be impartial in dealing with offenders
3. Principle of Individual rights which states that every human being is entitled to an exercise of fundamental rights and freedom and that when these rights are violated, citizens should have the right to seek redress from the courts

CHARACTERISTICS OF RULE OF LAW

1. Separation of Powers
2. Independent Judiciary
3. Due Process
4. Protection of Human Rights
5. Transparency and Accountability

MERITS OF THE RULE OF LAW

1. Promotes stability and predictability
2. Protects individual rights and freedoms
3. Prevents arbitrary decision-making
4. Supports economic growth and development
5. Enhances government accountability

DEMERITS OF THE RULE OF LAW

1. Corruption and impunity
2. Political interference in judiciary
3. Inadequate access to justice
4. Discriminatory laws and practices
5. Security threats and emergency measures

To get your E-Book PDF Download(106 pages) of the entire Government Key Points to quickly prep for JAMB & WAEC purchase here for N500 – https://dtwedustore.com/shop/government-key-points-by-dtw-tutorials-e-book-106-pages

8.2 FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS

This can be defined as those inalienable or natural rights and privileges enjoyed by the citizens of a given state, which are usually stated in the constitution of the said country.

REASONS WHY THE FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS ARE INCLUDED IN THE CONSTITUTION

1. Easy reference
2. Prevention of dictatorship
3. Protection of citizen’s right
4. To seek redress

8.3 LIBERTY

Liberty is defined as the ability or willingness to do something and the power of doing what has been conceived without interference or influence from any other source

MODERN CONCEPT OF LIBERTY

1. The Individual – The individual wants to express his personality in thought, word and action. Freedom from the government or association
2. Freedom – It implies the opportunity individual has develop himself of his potentials with some limitations

8.4 CIVIL LIBERTY

1. The right to life
2. The right to work
3. Personal safety and freedom
4. Religious freedom
5. Right to education
6. Right of Association
7. Right to Property
8. Freedom of speech, public meeting and publication

8.5 POLITICAL LIBERTY

 This is the right of an individual to share in the government of his country

1. The right to vote
2. The right to stand as a candidate in an election
3. Periodic election
4. Equal eligibility for government office
5. The right to criticize the government

FACTORS THAT CAN SAFEGUARD THE LIBERTY OF INDIVIDUALS

1. Law
2. Independence of the judiciary
3. Democracy
4. Power distribution
5. Fundamental human rights
6. Vigilance

8.6 CONSTITUTIONALISM

It is based on the belief that the powers of the various organs of government should be defined and regulated by the constitution, so that those who govern the society do so without denying or violating human dignity

PURPOSE OF CONSTITUTIONALISM

1. Fundamental human right
2. Right to vote and contest elections
3. Enforcement of the people’s right
4. Limitation in the exercise of functions
5. Equality before the law

FACTORS THAT CAN PROMOTE CONSTITUTIONALISM

1. Existence of a multi-party system
2. Entrenchment of fundamental human rights in the constitution
3. Free, Fair and periodic election
4. Existence of free press
5. Fixed term of office for elected political office holders
6. Independent judiciary
7. Observance of the law
8. Raising the level of literacy/civic education
9. Accountability and transparency in governance
10. Existence of separation of powers/checks and balances
11. Existence of a constitution

To get your E-Book PDF Download(106 pages) of the entire Government Key Points to quickly prep for JAMB & WAEC purchase here for N500 – https://dtwedustore.com/shop/government-key-points-by-dtw-tutorials-e-book-106-pages

8.7 SEPARATION OF POWERS

Separation of Powers is a fundamental concept in governance, dividing power among distinct branches to prevent abuse and ensure accountability.

MERITS OF SEPARATION OF POWERS

1. Prevents authoritarianism
2. Promotes accountability
3. Encourages collaboration
4. Protects individual rights
5. Enhances stability

DEMERITS OF SEPARATION OF POWERS

1. Power struggles
2. Gridlock and inefficiency
3. Corruption and abuse
4. Balancing individual rights and collective interests

8.8 CHECKS AND BALANCES

Checks and Balances is a fundamental mechanism in governance, ensuring that no single branch of government has absolute power. Checking the activities of one another.

MERITS OF CHECKS AND BALANCES

1. Prevents abuse of power
2. Encourages compromise
3. Protects individual rights
4. Promotes accountability

DEMERITS OF CHECKS AND BALANCES

1. Gridlock and inefficiency
2. Power struggles
3. Corruption and abuse
4. Balancing individual rights and collective interest

8.9 REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT

A representative government is a system where elected officials represent citizens’ interests and make decisions on their behalf.

FEATURES OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT

1. Elected Officials: Chosen by citizens through elections to represent their interests
2. Representation: Representatives act on behalf of their constituents in the government
3. Accountability: Citizens can hold their representatives accountable for their actions

MERITS OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT

1. Allows citizens to participate in government without directly being involved
2. Provides expert leadership, as citizens can choose experienced and knowledgeable representatives
3. Enables removal or replacement of ineffective or unpopular leaders
4. Promotes transparency in government operations

DEMERITS OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT

1. The majority can overpower minority interests
2. Representatives may prioritize supporters’ interests over others
3. Political inefficiency can occur due to conflicting opinions and interests
4. Communication between representatives and citizens can be difficult

8.10 DELEGATED LEGISLATION

Delegated legislation refers to laws or regulations created by entities to whom power has been delegated by a primary legislative body, such as a parliament or congress

TYPES OF DELEGATED LEGISLATION

1. Statutory instruments are created by government departments for areas under their responsibility. The Parent Act gives the department¹s permission as well as guidance about how the new piece of legislation is to be written and processed. Under Statutory Instruments the Minister for Transport will be able to deal with necessary road traffic regulations.
2. By-laws are created by local authorities to cover matters in their own area, which must be approved by central government.
3. Orders in council are laws passed in an emergency by the government, when parliament is unable to sit.

MERITS OF DELEGATED LEGISLATION

1. Delegated legislature reduces the work load of the parliament.
2. Delegated legislature enables laws to be passed on time, in order ones it time in the process of laws making.
3. it could be used to solve medicinal laws
4. Delegated legislature can be use during of emergency.
5. It could be used to make laws for local authorities on purely local matters.
6. Delegated legislature can be used as an experiment to test new laws.

DEMERITS OF DELEGATED LEGISLATION

1. Lack of accountability: Limited oversight.
2. Potential for abuse: Unchecked power.
3. Complexity: Difficulty in understanding regulations.

DTW Tutorials Study Resource Links;

First of All to obtain high JAMB &WAEC Scores, YOU HAVE TO Practice! Practice!! Practice!!

Use DTW JAMB & WAEC 2025 CBT Practice App!!!

– GET DTW TUTORIALS JAMB & WAEC 2025 CBT EXAM PRACTICE APP for all Subjects with over 31,000 Past Questions and Correct Solutions to Practice with offline! (Activation cost is N4000 for 1 year) Download Links Below for Mobile Phones & Laptop Computer;

DTW TUTORIALS JAMB 2025 APP For MOBILE Phone Direct Download link;

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.iafsawii.dtw.jamb

DTW TUTORIALS JAMB 2025 APP For DESKTOP Laptop Computer Direct Download link; https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iIHBoWjEeJeCFyTO9nt-9kAveH2FqjrT/view?usp=sharing

Download Links for WAEC 2025 App;

• DTW TUTORIALS WAEC CBT APP FOR LAPTOP COMPUTER
• DTW TUTORIALS WAEC CBT APP FOR ANDRIOD PHONE

JAMB RESOURCE LINKS BELOW;

– JAMB Past Questions Solved Playlists on Math, Phy, Chem; https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLgYU6fS5143-p4dfWIFL7keuB1SBgT2b

– THE LEKKI HEADMASTER – Summary, Questions And Answers (JAMB 2025 NOVEL); https://dtwtutorials.com/the-lekki-headmaster-jamb-2025-novel-summary-questions-and-answers-pdf-download/

– JAMB 2025 Recommended Text Books – https://dtwtutorials.com/jamb-2025-recommended-text-books-for-all-subjects/

– JAMB 2025 Syllabus all Subjects – https://dtwtutorials.com/jamb-2025-syllabus-free-download/

– JAMB 2025 Syllabus in 30 Days Timetable Challenge by DTW Tutorials for Science, Art & Commercial Subject Combinations – Cover Your JAMB Syllabus in 30 Days Challenge; https://dtwtutorials.com/jamb-2025-syllabus-in-30-days-timetable-challenge-by-dtw-tutorials-cover-your-jamb-syllabus-in-30-days-challenge/

– How to Manage Your Jamb Exam Time for High Scores; https://youtu.be/Tp4Va8haib8

– Physics Notes and Questions on All topics; https://dtwtutorials.com/category/tutorials/physics-tutorials/

– Chemistry Notes and Questions on All topics; https://dtwtutorials.com/category/tutorials/chemistry/

– How to Read, Understand and Remember Always- https://youtu.be/kL8BpRePudA

– How to Cover Your JAMB Syllabus Fast in 30 Days!!; https://youtu.be/RVgyn01Ptd0

– What to do a night before your Jamb Exam (+Exam Prayers); https://youtu.be/njbAx4Oz5Rw

– How to Manage Your Jamb Exam Time for High Scores; https://youtu.be/Tp4Va8haib8

– Overcoming Exam Fear/Anxiety– https://youtu.be/Uvf81rvd0ls

You can also join our online groups below for instant JAMB 2025 Updates;

Join DTW JAMB 2025 Intensive Tutorials Study Groups on Facebook, Telegram and WhatsApp Group;

Facebook Group – https://web.facebook.com/groups/dtwtutorialsgroup/
WhatsApp Group – https://chat.whatsapp.com/E8pprCQYtahKfpQN9UB0aU
Telegram Group – https://t.me/+AcXfhJPSIiI2ZTY0

WhatsApp Channel – https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaAWvTmDDmFT9o25dV3u

DTW JAMB 2025 Intensive Online Lessons/Tutorials

Online JAMB 2025 Tutorials – Your Path to Jamb Success! 

Are you preparing for the JAMB 2025 Exam and aiming for excellence? Look no further than Online Jamb Tutorial by DTW Consult. We’re dedicated to helping you ace your Jamb with confidence.

• Why Choose DTW Online JAMB Intensive Tutorials?
  • Engaging, Clear and Interactive Online Lectures
  • Completion of JAMB Syllabus
  • Weekly Quiz Assessments
  • Continuous Brainstorming and Competitions
  • Membership in an Active Learning Community
  • Consistent Solving of JAMB Past Questions-
  • Expert Jamb Instructors
  • Comprehensive Study Materials
• All Classes are Recorded!! In case you miss any class, and when you join us you will have access to all the previous class recorded videos!!!

• Subjects;
English
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Math
Economics
Literature
Crs
Government
• Affordable Tuition – N7000 monthly (6pm – 10pm, Mon to Fri)

Lectures Ongoing! Register Now!!

Bank Details:
Account Name: DTW Consult
Account Number: 6414330770
Bank: Moniepoint
Amount – N7000

For easy payment and enrollment.
Proof of payment should be sent by WhatsApp.
Contact Us:
WhatsApp: 09085099582, 08038732879
Email: dtwconsultng@gmail.com

Take a step closer to your Jamb success with DTW Online Jamb 2025 Intensive Tutorials.

Let’s work together to unlock your full potential!

https://youtu.be/P7wtBH46ZMMnsive Tutorials. Let’s work together to unlock your full potential! #JambPrep #OnlineTutorial #DTWConsult #JambSuccess #jamb2025 #utme2025