ANALYSIS OF AFRICAN DRAMA
3.1 THE LION AND THE JEWEL BY WOLE SOYINKA
Plot Summary
Act 1:
– Sidi, admired for her beauty, is courted by Lakunle, who wants to modernize the village.
– Baroka, eager to maintain his authority, manipulates Sidi’s affections to secure his position.”
Act 2:
A photographer arrives, seeking to capture the village’s “”primitive”” essence.
– Sidi is fascinated by modernity, but Baroka uses his cunning to keep her tied to tradition.
– Lakunle’s proposals for progress are rebuffed by Baroka.”
Act 3:
Sidi chooses Baroka over Lakunle, valuing traditional security over uncertain modernity.
– The photographer’s departure symbolizes the village’s reluctance to embrace change.”
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THEMES OF THE PLAY LION AND THE JEWEL
- Cultural identity vs. modernization
- Tradition vs. progress
- Power dynamics (Baroka’s manipulation)
- Social change and village politics
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PLAY LION AND THE JEWEL
- Sidi (The Jewel) – beautiful village maiden
- Baroka (The Lion) – village chief and crafty politician
- Lakunle – young, Western-educated teacher
- Sadiku – Baroka’s aging wife
SETTING OF THE PLAY LION AND THE JEWEL
Ilujinle: A rural Yoruba village in Nigeria, West Africa (fictional village, inspired by Soyinka’s hometown, Abeokuta), Village square, Baroka’s palace, Sidi’s home, The forest (symbolic, representing tradition and cultural heritage)
3.2 LET ME DIE ALONE BY JOHN K. KARGBO
PLOT SUMMARY
The play begins by presenting Gbanya the husband of Yoko as a weak chief, trying to force madam Yoko to bed because he is convinced that a woman is only fit for dance, cook, sing, and satisfy her husband’s sexual desires, likewise Lamboi, Ndapi and Musa. Madam Yoko courageously rises to counter all their myths and misconceptions about the female folks. She reminds her husband, who has some premonitions that his death is approaching, that he promised she would take over the leadership after his death. She encourages him to keep his death. She encourages him to keep his word. At this point Gbanya wants to renounce his promise claiming that a kingdom needs a strong man at its head, especially during a period of war. (This is where the conflict of the play starts). Her husband and others believe that a woman cannot rule and they are determined that she will never obtain the leadership of the kingdom
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CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PLAY LET ME DIE ALONE
- GBANYA LANGO – Yoko’s husband & ruler of Mende kingdom
- YOKO – Queen of Mende land
- LAMBOI – Yoko’s brother
- MUSA – Seer and medicine man
- JENEBA – Ndapi’s daughter
- JILO – Ndapi’s wife
- NDAPI – Chief warrior
- LANSANA – Jilo’s lover
- DR. SAMUEL ROWE – British colonial representative (Governor)
- MUSU AND FANNEH – Yoko’s maids.
THEMES OF THE PLAY LET ME DIE ALONE
- Intrigue and Murder: the quest for political power in the play stimulates a high level of intrigues culminating into murder and broken relationships.
- Imposition and Resistance: Gbanya tries to impose Ndapi on the throne, Yoko resists and eventually gets the nod of her husband because of the treachery of Lamboi and Musa. Lamboi and Musa also try to impose themselves on the throne of Senehun but Poro, the peoples oracle, resists.
- Betrayal: Gbanya trusts his medicine man, Musa and Lamboi, one of his trusted warriors and brother to his wife, Yoko. These two unfortunately betrayed this trust. It is in their hands he dies. Musa poisons Gbanya under the pretense that he is administering pain relief medicine to him.
- Modern Feminist Concern: The play is a feminist critique of a masculinist culture, at a time when feminism as a theme was still unpopular and rare among the male playwrights in Africa. Kargbo deals with wife beating, male prejudice against female leadership, the problem of loveless marriages, and the tendency to measure masculine virility and sexual dominance against female oppression and sexual dominance it also considers relations between husbands and wives, women forced into loveless marriages, brutal husbands, women forced into stereotype roles, and the right of women to determine whether their femininity should consist solely in their ability to bear children.
- Bargain for Power and Dominance: Conflicts and struggles within that traditional society itself was laced with various elements of jockey and bargain for power and dominance. Yoko bargained for power from her husband and got it. She goes to expansionist wars to extend and expand her power base.
ACTS BY ACTS SUMMARY OF THE PLAY LET ME DIE ALONE
In the first act, Yoko is raped by her husband Chief Gbanya. Later on, Chief Gbanya receives news of the Governor’s visit. This fear also leads to rethinking his decision to hand over the throne to his wife Yoko. Eventually, conspirators succeed in killing Chief Gbanya but not without him making Yoko the Chief.
For the second act, we have Ndapi, son of Chief Gbanya strategies on how to stop Chief Yoko from embarking on a war. Jilo, the unfaithful wife of Ndapi aids this plan. Eventually, Chief Yoko expands the territory but still lives in fear and misses motherhood. Jilo’s acts catch up with her and her lover is exposed. Afterwards, Jeneba, Jilo’s daughter is kidnapped and later killed.
In act three, Chief Yoko had to answer the Governor’s call. This leads to handing the throne to her enemies; Musa and Lamboi. They plot against her before she returns. She suffers great humiliation for she is accused of burying Jeneba alive for spiritual powers. Later, Jeneba’s body is found and the secret is revealed. In the Poro bush, Queen Yoko feels used by the Governor because he sends a message instructing her to reduce her territorial control. As a result of the feeling of being used by the Governor, she decides to die alone by taking poison.
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