STRUCTURES OF GOVERNMENT
UNITARY STRUCTURE
All powers and authorities for the exercise of the functions of running a state are concentrated in the hands of a single central government, which means powers are not shared but centralized
FEATURES OF UNITARY STRUCTURE
- It is best practiced in a homogeneous state
- The central government can delegate power to the other component units
- The system is easy to practise in a relatively small country
- Its constitution is not rigid but flexible
- There’s no constitutional division of power
- There’s no conflict of authority
- There’s parliamentary supremacy
REASONS FOR THE ADOPTION OF UNTARY STRUCTURE
- It is best practiced in a state where there are no sgarp differences in language, religion, political beliefs, etc.
- It is best adopted in a small country
- Managements of functions and funds
- Limited human and natural resources
- Adequate support to the government
- National Unity
MERITS OF UNITARY STRUCTURE
- It is not expensive to operate
- Quick action in the area of decision making and execution
- The constitution is flexible
- There’s promotion of strong government
- There’s no conflict of authority
- There’s unity in the state
- There are few personnel in government
DEMERITS OF UNITARY STRUCTURE
- There’s poor attention given to the local areas
- It will encourage dictatorship
- Developments in the state will be slow
- There will be poor representation in the government
- The concentrated power will be overloaded
- Tension could arise among the various sections in a country over tribe claim
- High rate of unemployment
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FEDERAL STRUCTURE
It is one in which there is constitutional division of powers among different levels or three tiers of government
FEATURES OF A FEDERAL STRUCTURE
- Constitutional division of powers
- Supremacy of power
- Written and rigid constitution
- separation of powers
- Bicameral legislature
- Equal representation
- Autonomy of Units
- Grassroots political participation
MERITS OF FEDERAL STRUCTURE
- There’s division of functions
- Employment opportunities
- Elimination of arbitrary rule because the constitution is rigid
- Autonomy is granted to each unit
- It brings government closer to the people
- There’s grassroot political participation
- Safeguarding the interest of the minorities
- Supremacy of the constitution
DEMERITS OF A FEDERAL STRUCTURE
- There’s possibility of conflicts
- It is costly and expensive to run
- There’s delay in the execution of national issues
- The constitution is not easily amended
- No uniformity in the administration
- There’s Ethnic disharmonies
- Unhealthy rivalry
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CONFEDERAL STRUCTURE
It is the league of sovereign states with a loose political arrangement in which autonomous states come together to form a union; government functions are exclusively reserved for the component states with a weak Centre
FEATURES OF CONFEDERAL STRUCTURE
- There are no national armed forces
- There’s no effective executive authority
- There are separate diplomatic representations
- Unstable political system
- Absence of effective central authority
- Membership of the Union is voluntary
- here’s control over internal affair
MERITS OF CONFEDERAL STRUCTURE
- Mutual benefits accuring to member states
- No member state is forced into the union
- Citizens are able to obey one government
- Equality exists among the states
- There’s unity among states
- The component state has total control over the internal affairs
DEMERITS OF CONFEDERAL STRUCTURE
- There’s political instability
- No effective authority
- No spirit of nationality
- Citizen have to obey only one government and that is their state government
- Separate diplomatic representation
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