UNITARY STRUCTURE

All powers and authorities for the exercise of the functions of running a state are concentrated in the hands of a single central government, which means powers are not shared but centralized

FEATURES OF UNITARY STRUCTURE

1. It is best practiced in a homogeneous state
2. The central government can delegate power to the other component units
3. The system is easy to practise in a relatively small country
4. Its constitution is not rigid but flexible
5. There’s no constitutional division of power
6. There’s no conflict of authority
7. There’s parliamentary supremacy

REASONS FOR THE ADOPTION OF UNTARY STRUCTURE

1. It is best practiced in a state where there are no sgarp differences in language, religion, political beliefs, etc.
2. It is best adopted in a small country
3. Managements of functions and funds
4. Limited human and natural resources
5. Adequate support to the government
6. National Unity

MERITS OF UNITARY STRUCTURE

1. It is not expensive to operate
2. Quick action in the area of decision making and execution
3. The constitution is flexible
4. There’s promotion of strong government
5. There’s no conflict of authority
6. There’s unity in the state
7. There are few personnel in government

DEMERITS OF UNITARY STRUCTURE

1. There’s poor attention given to the local areas
2. It will encourage dictatorship
3. Developments in the state will be slow
4. There will be poor representation in the government
5. The concentrated power will be overloaded
6. Tension could arise among the various sections in a country over tribe claim
7. High rate of unemployment

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FEDERAL STRUCTURE

It is one in which there is constitutional division of powers among different levels or three tiers of government

FEATURES OF A FEDERAL STRUCTURE

1. Constitutional division of powers
2. Supremacy of power
3. Written and rigid constitution
4. separation of powers
5. Bicameral legislature
6. Equal representation
7. Autonomy of Units
8. Grassroots political participation

MERITS OF FEDERAL STRUCTURE

1. There’s division of functions
2. Employment opportunities
3. Elimination of arbitrary rule because the constitution is rigid
4. Autonomy is granted to each unit
5. It brings government closer to the people
6. There’s grassroot political participation
7. Safeguarding the interest of the minorities
8. Supremacy of the constitution

DEMERITS OF A FEDERAL STRUCTURE

1. There’s possibility of conflicts
2. It is costly and expensive to run
3. There’s delay in the execution of national issues
4. The constitution is not easily amended
5. No uniformity in the administration
6. There’s Ethnic disharmonies
7. Unhealthy rivalry

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CONFEDERAL STRUCTURE

It is the league of sovereign states with a loose political arrangement in which autonomous states come together to form a union; government functions are exclusively reserved for the component states with a weak Centre

FEATURES OF CONFEDERAL STRUCTURE

1. There are no national armed forces
2. There’s no effective executive authority
3. There are separate diplomatic representations
4. Unstable political system
5. Absence of effective central authority
6. Membership of the Union is voluntary
7. here’s control over internal affair

MERITS OF CONFEDERAL STRUCTURE

1. Mutual benefits accuring to member states
2. No member state is forced into the union
3. Citizens are able to obey one government
4. Equality exists among the states
5. There’s unity among states
6. The component state has total control over the internal affairs

DEMERITS OF CONFEDERAL STRUCTURE

1. There’s political instability
2. No effective authority
3. No spirit of nationality
4. Citizen have to obey only one government and that is their state government
5. Separate diplomatic representation

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JAMB RESOURCE LINKS BELOW;

– JAMB Past Questions Solved Playlists on Math, Phy, Chem; https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLgYU6fS5143-p4dfWIFL7keuB1SBgT2b

– THE LEKKI HEADMASTER – Summary, Questions And Answers (JAMB 2025 NOVEL); https://dtwtutorials.com/the-lekki-headmaster-jamb-2025-novel-summary-questions-and-answers-pdf-download/

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– JAMB 2025 Syllabus in 30 Days Timetable Challenge by DTW Tutorials for Science, Art & Commercial Subject Combinations – Cover Your JAMB Syllabus in 30 Days Challenge; https://dtwtutorials.com/jamb-2025-syllabus-in-30-days-timetable-challenge-by-dtw-tutorials-cover-your-jamb-syllabus-in-30-days-challenge/

– How to Manage Your Jamb Exam Time for High Scores; https://youtu.be/Tp4Va8haib8

– Physics Notes and Questions on All topics; https://dtwtutorials.com/category/tutorials/physics-tutorials/

– Chemistry Notes and Questions on All topics; https://dtwtutorials.com/category/tutorials/chemistry/

– How to Read, Understand and Remember Always- https://youtu.be/kL8BpRePudA

– How to Cover Your JAMB Syllabus Fast in 30 Days!!; https://youtu.be/RVgyn01Ptd0

– What to do a night before your Jamb Exam (+Exam Prayers); https://youtu.be/njbAx4Oz5Rw

– How to Manage Your Jamb Exam Time for High Scores; https://youtu.be/Tp4Va8haib8

– Overcoming Exam Fear/Anxiety– https://youtu.be/Uvf81rvd0ls

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