NIGERIAN FEDERALISM
Federalism is the sharing of power among the three tiers of government (the federal, state and the local).
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FACTORS THAT NECESSITATED THE FORMATION OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA
- Cultural diversity- Nigeria has over 280 ethnic groups.
- British colonial policy – British imposed federalism on Nigeria by dividing Nigeria into regions and ruled them separately.
- Size of the country – Nigeria is too large both in population and territory.
- Dominance of powerful states
- To bring government to the grassroots
- To protect the rights of the minority groups.
FEATURES OF NIGERIAN FEDERALISM
- Constitutional division of powers
- Written and rigid constitution
- Supremacy of the constitution
- Separation of powers
- Multi-party system
- Duplication of functions
STRUCTURE OF NIGERIA FEDERALISM
- Federalism before independence from 1914- 59. From the time of Clifford till about 1939, power of government was centralized. In 1946, provinces were changed to region. 1n 1957, House of Representatives was created to make laws for the country and Regional House of Assembly to make laws for the regions on specific matters. In 1954, federal system of government was introduced.
- Federalism between 1960 and 1966: The independence constitution of 1960 still retained the federal system of government introduced in 1954, by Lyttleton constitution.
- Federalism between 1967 and 1975: This was the period of military government. The government of Aguiyi Ironsi introduced unitary system of government. The government of Lt. Colonel Yakubu Gowon created 12 states from the existing four regions. This action led to the civil war that started on 6th July, 1967. There is no sharing of power in the military administration. But remained a federal structure under every military setting.
- Federalism from 1976 – date: In 1975, Murtala Mohammed created more 7 states making 19 states. The 1979 constitution maintained the three tiers of government. However, Buhari/Idiagbon military regime took over power. In 1987, General Ibrahim Babangida created Akwa Ibom and Katsina. In 1991, General Ibrahim Babangida created additional 9 states, making a total of 30 states. In 1996, General Sani Abacha created 6 more states, making it a total of 36 states.
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REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA FEDERALISM
- Principal of derivation – Large proportion of resources will be given to the area from which they were gotten.
- Population – States with higher population will get more than states with low population.
- Equality of state – Equal amount of resources should be given to all states.
- Even development – All states should develop evenly.
- Minimum national standard – All states should maintain equal standard in carry out national activities.
PROBLEMS OF NIGERIAN FEDERALISM
- Revenue allocation
- Boundary disputes
- Corruption, fauvism and nepotism
- Ethnic disharmony
- Fear of secession
- Regional political parties – NP in the north, AG in the west, and NCNC in the east.
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