MINORITY ISSUE AND CREATION OF STATES
Nigeria has over 250 ethnic group and the groups are divided into two a) The majority groups; and b) The minority groups
The majority group a) Igbo b) Hausa/Fulani c) Yoruba
The minority groups a) Tiv b) Igala c) Efik d) Idoma e) Agatu f) Ibibio
THE IGBO – Igbo people occupy the south-eastern part of Nigeria. The states are – Abia, Enugu, Ebonyi, Imo and Anambra. They can also be found in Delta, Akwa Ibom and Edo states.
THE HAUSA/FULANI – Hausa people occupy the north-western and north-east ern part of Nigeria. The states are – Kano, Katsina, Sokoto, Adamawa, Jigawa and Kaduna etc.
THE YORUBA – Yoruba people occupy the south-west part of Nigeria. The states are – Ogun, Oyo, Ondo, Osun, Ekiti and Lagos. They can also be found in Kwara, Kogi and Edo states.
23.1 THE MINORITY GROUP – The minority ethnic groups can be found in Benue state (Tiv, Idoma and Igala) Kogi state (Igala, Ebira & Kabba); Delta state (Iba, Ijaw, Itsekiri, Urhobo, Isoko etc); Cross River state (Efik); Akwa Ibom state (Ibibio); Edo state (Bini, Isan etc).
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REASONS FOR DEMANDS FOR MORE STATES
- Creation of states by various Nigeria government led to demand for more states
- Each new states breads new minorities which also leads to creation of another new state.
- Members of the minorities were denied employment
- Members of the minorities also denied promotion opportunities.
- No development projects are situated in the minority areas.
- The minority groups are usually expelled from public service of the state from which the new states in being carried out.
23.2 COMPLEXITY AND ENDLESS NATURE OF STATE CREATION
There was no consistent application of any coherent principle in the various states creation exercise. Every exercise in state creation created new minority grouping while satisfying the expiration of some. Various Nigeria government had embarked on state creation exercise and thereby duel the agitation for the creation of more states.
RECOMMENDATION OF WILLINK’S COMMISSION
- A recommended that creation of more states cannot solve the problems of minorities in the country.
- It recommended a strong and united police force under federal authorities
- It recommended that fundamental human rights should be entrenched in the constitution to protect the interests of the minorities.
- Non-Muslim in the North should have the option of facing trial in non-Muslim court.
- No change should be made in the existing boundary between western and northern regions.
SOLUTION TO MINORITY PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA
- States should protect their existence
- The rights of man were entrenched in the constitution to protect the minority interest.
- The law of the land should be respected.
- Minority groups should be given the opportunity to power.
- Federalism should be sustained.
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23.3 INTER-ETHNIC RIVALRY AND ISSUES OF STATE CREATION
During colonization of Africa, the colonial masters failed to put the issue of cultural difference of various ethnic groups into consideration before joining them together in state formation
ETHNIC CONFLICT CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA
- Three separate administration of the colonial masters fueled ethnic tension.
- Divide and rule approach to power also fueled ethnic tension.
- Competition for natural resources also fueled ethnic tension.
- Religious differences between the Christian south and Muslim north fueled ethnic tension
- Ethnic based militant groups also fueled ethnic tension.
PROBLEMS OF SECESSION IN NIGERIA
- The north openly threatened to seceded after the 1955 self-government motion in the House of Representatives.
- In 1960, the north threatened to seceded again if it was not given half of the seats in the federal parliament
- In May 1967, the eastern region of Nigeria formally seceded from Nigeria declaring the eastern region, republic of Biafra
- After Biafra’s secession, Chief Obafemi Awolowo said that the west would not wish to remain in a truncated federation
MEASURES TO AVOID SECESSION IN NIGERIA
- States should have the power to control their resources
- Every Nigerian should be free to belong to any part of the country where he/she wishes to live and work.
- There should be a constitutional conference where delegation from different parts of the country will meet to discuss a way forward for Nigeria.
- All political appointments should be made to promote unity and ensure stability and sense of belonging.
- There should be no discrimination.
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