INTERDEPENDENCE OF NATIONS AND GLOBALIZATION IN NIGERIA - JAMB & WAEC GUIDE - KEY POINTS

INTERDEPENDENCE OF NATIONS AND GLOBALIZATION

Globalization- is the process by which state become inter dependent on each other in all spheres of life.

28.1 INTERDEPENDENCE OF NATIONS

Nigeria as a country is not excluded from this interaction. It is through Nigeria’s interaction with other countries in the international community and her contribution towards the maintenance of peace that Nigeria maintains friendly relations with other nations of the World. Nigeria interacts with other nations in the areas of politics, economy and socio-cultural fields. It is this interaction among nations that constitute the making of the comity of nations.

REASONS FOR INTERACTION

It is for the economic needs of the people.
To promote political influence.
To promote the necessary socio-cultural relationship among nations for better understanding
To promote national interest

ADVANTAGES OF INTERACTION

It fosters friendly relations among the nations of the world
It promotes world peace.
Socio-Cultural: It makes possible to exchange ideas in areas of education, sports religion and cultural matters.
It enhances the defense of the territorial integrity of a nation.
It helps to attract foreign aids.

DISADVANTAGES OF INTERTACTION

It leads to cultural/social problems.
It leads to unnecessary interference in the internal affairs of a state.
It leads to indiscriminate dumping of inferior or poorly produced goods.
Economic dependence: Heavy dependence on foreign assistance does not allow for interdependence economic policies.
It is injurious to a nation’s culture.

To get your E-Book PDF Download(106 pages) of the entire Government Key Points to quickly prep for JAMB & WAEC purchase here for N500 – https://dtwedustore.com/shop/government-key-points-by-dtw-tutorials-e-book-106-pages

28.2 NIGERIA’S FOREIGN POLICY

Foreign policy refers to the decisions and actions taken by the policy makers of a state to pursue her interest within the global system. It can also be seen as a prudent course of action adopted by a state to achieve a certain national interest. The primary task of those involved in foreign policy is to promote the national interest of the country. The main target of foreign policy is to influence the decision and actions of other nations in the international system.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF NIGERIA’S FOREIGN POLICY

1. To promote the national interest of the country and the citizens.

2. To promote friendship and co-operation among others nations.

3. To uphold the principle of non-alignment with any power bloc.

4. To show respect for the sovereign equality of all nations.

5. To defend the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Nigeria.

6. To defend and promote world peace

7. To assist African states in search of solution to their problems.

28.3 NIGERIA FOREIGN POLICY SINCE INDEPENDENCE

BALEWA ERA (1960-1966)

The government pursued the policy of non-alignment
It was involved in the decolonization process in Africa
The government recognized Africa as the center piece of Nigeria’s foreign policy
It broke diplomatic ties with France over the testing of an atomic bomb in Sahara Desert
It supported the expulsion of South Africa from the Common Wealth in 1961

GOWON ERA (1966-1975)

Nigeria’s foreign policy shifted from the West to the East
The administration applied the 3Rs (Reconciliation, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation) after the Civil War
The administration accepted the principle of non interference in the sovereignty of African States
It played a crucial role in the establishment of ECOWAS

MURTALA/OBASANJO ERA 91975-1979)

This regime favoured decolonization and self determination of African States
It gave its support to the struggle against apartheid policy in Africa
The regime inaugurated a national agricultural programme called; Operation Feed the Nation (O.F.N.) in 1978.

SHAGARI ERA (1983-1985)

The administration supported Zimbabwe’s independence
This regime witnessed lack of dynamism and radicalism in Nigeria’s foreign policy
The regime was involved in financial mismanagement of her economic resources.

BUHARI ERA

This regime expelled all the west Africans living illegally in the country.
Relations with Britain was adversely affected during this regime.
This administration maintained a strong anti-apartheid posture against South Africa

BABANGIDA ERA (1985-1993)

This regime tried to bring Nigeria back to the fore front of international relation
This regime launched a crusade against the dumping of toxic and retro-active waste in the continent
It introduced economic diplomacy into Nigeria’s foreign policy.
Nigeria was committed to a functional ECOWAS.
Nigeria became very active in the area of conflict resolution and peace keeping. operation. This led to the establishment of ECOWAS Monitoring Group (ECOMOG)

SHONEKAN/ABACHA ERA

This administration helped in restoring peace in Liberia.
The regime adopted the confrontational posture with the international community.
The regime was accused of abuse of human rights and as a result Nigeria was suspended from the Common Wealth.

ABUBAKAR ERA (1998-1999)

The policy of reconciliation was embarked upon by this administration
Those who were imprisoned by Abacha regained their freedom, while a transition programme was announced and carefully implemented.

FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT NIGERIA’S FOREIGN POLICY

Geographical location of Nigeria is one of the factors that affect the formulation and implementation of foreign policy. The geographical size of Nigeria as the largest coupled with its population, natural resources etc imposes leadership roles on the country.
Demographic Factor: Demography means the population of the country. In terme of population, Nigeria is the most populous nation in Africa and the entire black world. The large population of Nigeria contributes a lot to her strength and as a result, the country is expected by other countries in Africa to play a leadership role.
Historical Experience: Nigeria’s foreign policy can also be conditioned by its historical experience. Nigeria was colonized by Britain and this colonial experience can affect her foreign policy.
National Interest: The primary task of those involved in foreign policy is to articulate the interest of the country. This should form the basis of Nigeria’s foreign policy. The interest of the people must be promoted, which has the capacity of shaping a nation’s foreign policy.
The Military Strength of Nigeria: The country’s military strength might be an advantage to her foreign policy.
Government: The type of government we have can also affect our foreign policy. Since Nigeria gain independence we have had two main types of government; military and civilian
Public Opinion: The opinion of people on issues of national importance can affect Nigeria’s foreign policy. For example , the demonstration of University of Ibadan students against the Anglo-Nigeria Defense Pact in 1961 and the rejection of I.M.F. loan in 1985.
Ideology: Countries relates with countries that have the same ideology than with those with opposing ones

FORMULATION OF NIGERIA’S POLICY

The President: The formulation of Nigeria’s foreign policy is the primary function of the President of the country.
Consultation: Consultations are made with Nigeria diplomats, foreign mission experts, the business community and leaders of thought for advice on issues from time to time.
The Minister and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The President is assisted in policy formulation by the Minister and the officials of the Ministry of foreign affairs. This ministry is involved in carrying out matters as they relate to the welfare of Nigerians living abroad. Also promote and enhance a conducive atmosphere for a cordial relationship between Nigeria and other nations of the world.
FEATURES OF NIGERIA’S FOREIGN POLICY
Friendship and co-operation with other nations which recognize and respect their sovereignty.
Non- Alignment with any of the power blocs and consideration on the issues of their merits, having regards for Nigeria’s national interest. crisis as in ECOMOG troops in Liberia and Sierra Leone
Africa regarded as the center piece of Nigeria’s foreign policy.
Belief in the sovereign equality of States and non interference in the internal affairs of other states.
Eradication of colonialism in Africa e.g Apartheid in South Africa and Liberation movement in Southern Africa.
Helping African countries to attain political independence.
Peaceful Resolution of Conflict: Joining other states to find peaceful resolution to crisis as in
ECOMOG troops in Liberia and Sierra Leone.”

28.4 AFRICA AS THE CENTER PIECE OF NIGERIA’S FOREIGN POLICY

ORIGIN

The origin of this concept ‘Africa as the centre piece of Nigeria’s policy’, could be traced to the administration of the first republic in Nigeria (1960-1966) headed by the Prime Minister, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. According to him,’ we belong to Africa and Africa must take the first attention in our foreign relations’. By Africa being the centre piece of Nigeria’s foreign policy, it means that Africa should be given a place of pride in Nigeria’s foreign policy formulation

PRINCIPLES OF THE CONCEPT OF AFRICA AS THE CENTRE PIECE OF NIGERIA’S FOREIGN POLICY

Sovereignty and equality of all African states.
Total eradication of racial discrimination and colonialism in Africa.
To oppose aggression, support the demand for the restoration of fundamental human rights.
Promoting friendly association among independent African states.
Respect for and non- interference in the internal affairs of other African states

REASONS FOR THE ADOPTION OF AFRICA AS THE CENTRE PIECE OF NIGERIA’S FOREIGN POLICY

Size and Population: Nigeria made Africa the centre piece of her foreign policy, because it recognized the fact that by virtue of her size, population and wealth, she has a historical mission in Africa.
Decolonization of African States: Nigeria declared Africa as the centre piece of her foreign policy because she realized that her independence will be meaningless if it does not lead to the independence of other African States. This is why decolonization is the main objective of Nigeria’s foreign policy.
Friendly Association: By making Africa the centre piece of her foreign policy, Nigeria hoped to promote friendly relations, to bring Africa countries together so that they can speak with one voice in international organizations such as United Nations, Common Wealth and so on.
Assistance: Nigeria made Africa the centre piece of her foreign policy so as to assist other African countries and foster understanding among them
Leadership: Nigeria is looked upon for leadership in Africa and to realize such expectation she made Africa the center piece of her foreign policy.
Charity Begins at Home: Nigeria being part of Africa, decided to start her foreign policy making at home by making Africa the center piece of her foreign policy and to claim their first attention in their external relations.

WAYS BY WHICH NIGERIA MAINTAIN FRIENDLY RELATIONS AMONG AFRICAN STATES

Establishment of Bilateral economic/political relationship e.g Nigeria and Togo
Promotion of Multi-Lateral economic/political relationship e.g Chad Basin Commission and Niger Basin Commission.
Active participation in economic union e.g ECOWAS, Africa Petroleum Producers Association (APPA), Africa Economic Community (AEC), Africa Development Bank (A.D.B.)
Grants and Aids: Sending of relief materials to victims of political instability or natural disaster. This is done through the Technical Aid Corps Scheme.
Nigeria has also maintained friendly relations with other African countries through the initiation of peaceful settlement of crisis e.g Congo, Chad, Liberia, Zimbabwe and so on.
Peaceful resolution of conflict with her neighbor e.g Nigeria and Chad, Nigeria and Cameroon over Bakassi Peninsula.
Participation in peacekeeping operation e.g Congo, Chad, Liberia and so on.
Active participation in cultural and sporting activities e.g African games, FESTAC 1977
Active support for liberation movement in Africa e.g MPLA, SWAPO, A.N.C and so on.

DTW Tutorials Study Resource Links;

First of All to obtain high JAMB &WAEC Scores, YOU HAVE TO Practice! Practice!! Practice!!

Use DTW JAMB & WAEC 2025 CBT Practice App!!!

– GET DTW TUTORIALS JAMB & WAEC 2025 CBT EXAM PRACTICE APP for all Subjects with over 31,000 Past Questions and Correct Solutions to Practice with offline! (Activation cost is N4000 for 1 year) Download Links Below for Mobile Phones & Laptop Computer;

DTW TUTORIALS JAMB 2025 APP For MOBILE Phone Direct Download link;

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.iafsawii.dtw.jamb

DTW TUTORIALS JAMB 2025 APP For DESKTOP Laptop Computer Direct Download link; https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iIHBoWjEeJeCFyTO9nt-9kAveH2FqjrT/view?usp=sharing

Download Links for WAEC 2025 App;

JAMB RESOURCE LINKS BELOW;

– JAMB Past Questions Solved Playlists on Math, Phy, Chem; https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLgYU6fS5143-p4dfWIFL7keuB1SBgT2b

– THE LEKKI HEADMASTER – Summary, Questions And Answers (JAMB 2025 NOVEL); https://dtwtutorials.com/the-lekki-headmaster-jamb-2025-novel-summary-questions-and-answers-pdf-download/

– JAMB 2025 Recommended Text Books – https://dtwtutorials.com/jamb-2025-recommended-text-books-for-all-subjects/

– JAMB 2025 Syllabus all Subjects – https://dtwtutorials.com/jamb-2025-syllabus-free-download /

– JAMB 2025 Syllabus in 30 Days Timetable Challenge by DTW Tutorials for Science, Art & Commercial Subject Combinations – Cover Your JAMB Syllabus in 30 Days Challenge; https://dtwtutorials.com/jamb-2025-syllabus-in-30-days-timetable-challenge-by-dtw-tutorials-cover-your-jamb-syllabus-in-30-days-challenge/

– How to Manage Your Jamb Exam Time for High Scores; https://youtu.be/Tp4Va8haib8

– Physics Notes and Questions on All topics; https://dtwtutorials.com/category/tutorials/physics-tutorials/

– Chemistry Notes and Questions on All topics; https://dtwtutorials.com/category/tutorials/chemistry/

– How to Read, Understand and Remember Always- https://youtu.be/kL8BpRePudA

– How to Cover Your JAMB Syllabus Fast in 30 Days!!; https://youtu.be/RVgyn01Ptd0

– What to do a night before your Jamb Exam (+Exam Prayers); https://youtu.be/njbAx4Oz5Rw

– How to Manage Your Jamb Exam Time for High Scores; https://youtu.be/Tp4Va8haib8

– Overcoming Exam Fear/Anxiety– https://youtu.be/Uvf81rvd0ls

You can also join our online groups below for instant JAMB 2025 Updates;

Join DTW JAMB 2025 Intensive Tutorials Study Groups on Facebook, Telegram and WhatsApp Group;

Facebook Group – https://web.facebook.com/groups/dtwtutorialsgroup/
WhatsApp Group – https://chat.whatsapp.com/E8pprCQYtahKfpQN9UB0aU
Telegram Group – https://t.me/+AcXfhJPSIiI2ZTY0

WhatsApp Channel – https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaAWvTmDDmFT9o25dV3u

DTW JAMB 2025 Intensive Online Lessons/Tutorials

Online JAMB 2025 Tutorials – Your Path to Jamb Success!

Are you preparing for the JAMB 2025 Exam and aiming for excellence? Look no further than Online Jamb Tutorial by DTW Consult. We’re dedicated to helping you ace your Jamb with confidence.

Why Choose DTW Online JAMB Intensive Tutorials?
• Engaging, Clear and Interactive Online Lectures
• Completion of JAMB Syllabus
• Weekly Quiz Assessments
• Continuous Brainstorming and Competitions
• Membership in an Active Learning Community
• Consistent Solving of JAMB Past Questions-
• Expert Jamb Instructors
• Comprehensive Study Materials
All Classes are Recorded!! In case you miss any class, and when you join us you will have access to all the previous class recorded videos!!!

• Subjects;
English
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Math
Economics
Literature
Crs
Government
• Affordable Tuition – N7000 monthly (6pm – 10pm, Mon to Fri)

Lectures Ongoing! Register Now!!

Bank Details:
Account Name: DTW Consult
Account Number: 6414330770
Bank: Moniepoint
Amount – N7000

For easy payment and enrollment.
Proof of payment should be sent by WhatsApp.
Contact Us:
WhatsApp: 09085099582, 08038732879
Email: dtwconsultng@gmail.com

Take a step closer to your Jamb success with DTW Online Jamb 2025 Intensive Tutorials.

Let’s work together to unlock your full potential!

https://youtu.be/P7wtBH46ZMMnsive Tutorials. Let’s work together to unlock your full potential! #JambPrep #OnlineTutorial #DTWConsult #JambSuccess #jamb2025 #utme2025

DTW Tutorials

Welcome to Destined To Win Blog!