6.1 MEANING

Traffic regulations refer to the rules and regulations that guide the behaviour and actions of road users in order to prevent accidents and ensure the free flow of traffic. These regulations are usually made by the government to set out the code of conduct for road users and to stipulate punishments for offenders.

Road users include drivers, cyclists, pedestrians, and other users of the road.

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6.2 SOME TRAFFIC REGULATIONS

1. Do Not Drink and Drive
   Road users should avoid alcohol before and while driving.
2. Observance of Road Signs
   All road users must obey road signs at all times.
3. Avoid Overloading
   Overloading vehicles can cause accidents such as tyre bursts, endangering drivers, passengers, and other road users.
4. Avoid Over-speeding
   Over-speeding is one of the major causes of road accidents and increases the severity of crashes.
5. Use of Crash Helmets
   Cyclists and motorcyclists should wear helmets to protect the head from injury.
6. Vigilance
   Pedestrians should be careful when crossing roads, and drivers should remain alert to avoid accidents.
7. Use of Pedestrian Bridges and Zebra Crossings
   Pedestrians should cross roads using pedestrian bridges or zebra crossings where available.
8. Use of Pavements
   Pedestrians should walk on pavements, while drivers should avoid driving too close to them.
9. Observance of Speed Limits
   All road users must adhere to stipulated speed limits.
10. Avoid Parking Obstruction
    Road users should avoid parking on the road, as it may obstruct traffic and cause congestion.
11. Use of Indicators (Trafficator)
    Drivers should indicate before entering or leaving a road, especially at junctions and roundabouts.
12. Avoid the Use of Earphones or Hands-free Devices While Driving
13. Wearing of Seat Belts
    Drivers and passengers should always wear seat belts.
14. Avoid Making Phone Calls While Driving

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6.3 ROAD SIGNS

Road signs are symbols that provide information to road users to ensure safety and prevent accidents.

Types of Road Signs

1. Regulatory Signs

These signs give instructions that must be obeyed. They are usually circular in shape.

• a. Mandatory Regulatory Signs
  These signs give positive instructions and are usually blue without red borders (e.g., diversion signs, roundabout signs).
• b. Prohibitive Regulatory Signs
  These signs indicate actions that are not allowed. They usually have red borders (e.g., No U-turn, No entry, Stop signs).

2. Informative Signs

These signs provide useful information to road users. They are usually rectangular in shape.

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6.4 ROLES OF GOVERNMENT IN MAINTAINING TRAFFIC REGULATIONS

1. Provision and Installation of Traffic Lights
   Government provides and installs traffic lights at strategic locations.
2. Enactment of Laws
   Government reviews and updates traffic laws and regulations through the Constitution and agencies like the FRSC.
3. Punishment of Offenders
   Government ensures that traffic offenders are punished according to the law.
4. Construction of Good Roads and Installation of Road Signs
   Government ensures roads are well constructed and traffic signs are placed at strategic points.
5. Introduction of Road Safety Clubs in Schools
   Government promotes road safety education through clubs in schools.
6. Driver’s Licence and Highway Code
   Government educates road users on the importance of driver’s licences and makes highway codes available to citizens.
7. Public Awareness and Enlightenment Programmes
   Government, through FRSC and the media, organizes symposia and awareness programmes on traffic rules.
   1. ROLES OF INDIVIDUALS IN MAINTAINING TRAFFIC REGULATIONS
8. Regular Reading of Highway Code
   Individuals should study and understand traffic rules.
9. Obedience to Traffic Wardens
   Road users should obey traffic wardens and officials controlling traffic.
10. Ensuring Roadworthy Vehicles
    Motorists must ensure their vehicles are in good condition.
11. Volunteering as Traffic Wardens
    Individuals can assist in traffic control when necessary.
12. Avoiding Unnecessary Haste
    Leaving home early helps prevent speeding and reckless driving.
13. Observance of Road Signs
    Individuals should understand and obey road signs.
14. Avoiding Indiscriminate Parking
    Road users should avoid parking in ways that obstruct traffic.

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6.6 ESTABLISHMENT OF TRAFFIC REGULATORY AGENCIES

1. Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC)

The Federal Road Safety Corps was established in 1988 by Decree 45 (amended by Decree 35 of 1992). Its main mandate is to reduce road accidents and loss of lives.
Functions include:

• Enforcement of traffic rules and regulations
• Issuance of driver’s licences
• Punishment of traffic offenders
• Rescue of accident victims and administration of first aid
• Evacuation of accident victims and deposition of corpses in mortuaries when necessary
• Contacting families of accident victims

2. Nigerian Police Force

The police maintain law and order and also control traffic. The Nigerian Traffic Wardens Service, established in 1975 (later amended in 2004), operates under the police to regulate traffic, give directives, and arrest traffic offenders.

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3. Vehicle Inspection Office (VIO)

The VIO ensures that vehicles on the road are roadworthy and properly documented. They conduct routine road checks and also test and train drivers before issuing driver’s licences and riders’ cards.

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