Computer Studies Fundamentals of Computing Basic Computer Concepts Computer Components Hardware and Software Data Processing Input and Output Devices Storage Devices ICT Basics Archives – DTW Tutorials https://dtwtutorials.com/tag/computer-studies-fundamentals-of-computing-basic-computer-concepts-computer-components-hardware-and-software-data-processing-input-and-output-devices-storage-devices-ict-basics/ Welcome to Destined To Win Blog! Wed, 08 Apr 2026 15:56:13 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.6.5 https://dtwtutorials.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cropped-IMG_20180811_114006-32x32.jpg Computer Studies Fundamentals of Computing Basic Computer Concepts Computer Components Hardware and Software Data Processing Input and Output Devices Storage Devices ICT Basics Archives – DTW Tutorials https://dtwtutorials.com/tag/computer-studies-fundamentals-of-computing-basic-computer-concepts-computer-components-hardware-and-software-data-processing-input-and-output-devices-storage-devices-ict-basics/ 32 32 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTING – COMPUTER JAMB & WAEC GUIDE KEYPOINTS https://dtwtutorials.com/fundamentals-of-computing-key-points-for-jamb-waec/ https://dtwtutorials.com/fundamentals-of-computing-key-points-for-jamb-waec/#respond Wed, 08 Apr 2026 15:56:11 +0000 https://dtwtutorials.com/?p=8544 CHAPTER 2: FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTING

2.1 OVERVIEW OF COMPUTING SYSTEM

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Definition of a Computer: An electronic device that accepts raw facts and figures (data) as input, processes it according to a set of stored instructions, and produces meaningful results (information) as output. Characteristics of Computers: Speed: Processes data extremely fast (measured in GHz). Accuracy: Performs calculations with high …

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]]> CHAPTER 2: FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTING

2.1 OVERVIEW OF COMPUTING SYSTEM

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  • Definition of a Computer: An electronic device that accepts raw facts and figures (data) as input, processes it according to a set of stored instructions, and produces meaningful results (information) as output.
  • Characteristics of Computers:
    1. Speed: Processes data extremely fast (measured in GHz).
    2. Accuracy: Performs calculations with high precision, provided the input data and instructions are correct.
    3. Diligence: Can perform repetitive tasks consistently without boredom or loss of concentration.
    4. Versatility: Capable of performing a wide range of tasks (calculations, design, writing, communication).
    5. Storage: Possesses large memory capacity to store massive amounts of data and programs permanently.
  • Constituents of a Computer:
  • Hardware: The physical, tangible components (CPU, Monitor, Keyboard).
  • Software: The instructions and programs that tell the hardware what to do (OS, MS Word).
  • Humanware/User: The people who interact with and operate the computer.
  • Functional Parts:
  • Input Unit: Gets data into the system (Keyboard, Mouse).
  • Output Unit: Displays results (Monitor, Printer).
  • Central Processing Unit (CPU): Executes instructions.
  • Memory Unit: Stores data and instructions (RAM, ROM, Hard Disk).

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FeatureHardwareSoftware
DefinitionPhysical, electronic, and mechanical parts.Programs and instructions.
TangibilityTangible (can be seen and touched).Intangible (cannot be physically touched).
FunctionExecutes instructions.Provides the instructions for the hardware.
ExamplesMonitor, Keyboard, CPU chip, Cables.Operating Systems, MS Office, Antivirus.

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2.2 DATA AND INFORMATION

  • Definition of Data: Raw facts and figures which have not been processed to convey any specific meaning (e.g., student scores, names, dates).
  • Definition of Information: Processed, organized, and structured data that is meaningful, useful, and can be used for decision-making (e.g., a student’s final report card, a market trend analysis).11
  • Differences:
    • Data is input; Information is output.
    • Data is unorganized; Information is organized.
    • Data is generally less useful for decision-making; Information is essential for decision-making.

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